However, the origins, the early evolution and adaptive context of human bipedality remain poorly understood. Evidence from fossil remains and footprints suggest that human ancestors started walking on two legs rather than four between 7 and 4 million years ago ( Lovejoy, 1988 Fleagle, 1999 Senut et al. One of the most distinctive characters of human locomotion is habitual bipedal walking. These models offer great potential for improving our understanding of early hominin locomotor patterns. The described segment inertial parameters of males and females, and of the two age classes, represent a valuable data set ready for use in a range of biomechanical locomotor models. However, regarding proportional data we discuss the general inertial properties of the chimpanzee. Additionally, males tend to have longer upper limbs than females. ![]() Furthermore, most sex-related differences can be directly attributed to the higher absolute segment masses in male chimpanzees resulting in higher moments of inertia. We found no significant differences between the age classes in the proportional data except for hand and foot measures where juveniles exhibit relatively longer and heavier distal segments than adults. In addition, we calculated whole limb inertial properties and we discuss their potential biomechanical consequences. Proportional data were computed to allow the comparison between age classes and sex classes. ![]() We report absolute inertial parameters for immature and mature subjects and for males and females separately. (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol 99, 547–570) we generated inertial properties using external segment length and diameter measurements of 53 anaesthetized chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). By means of a geometric model based on Crompton et al. We also considered age- and sex-related differences within our sample. ![]() Therefore, the principal aim of this study was to expand the existing chimpanzee inertial property data set using a non-invasive measuring technique. In primate studies, however, segment inertial parameters of non-human hominoids are scarce and often obtained using varying techniques. Inertial characteristics and dimensions of the body and body segments form an integral part of a biomechanical analysis of motion.
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